The Interpretation Of Cultures By Clifford Geertz

In The Interpretation of Cultures, Clifford Geertz neatly collects many of the essays written throughout his academic career. From field research in Indonesia and Morocco to highly theoretical pieces, Geertz contributed a massive amount of work to the study of anthropology, including a new definition of religion, which has been subjected to much admiration and scrutiny. In this essay, I will be discussing some of Geertz’s terminology, cockfighting’s relationship with religion, Asad’s enlightening critique, and webs of significance. For starters, I will say that I actually read another one of Geertz’s pieces, Islam Observed, a year ago, and while I liked some of his ideas, I interpreted his tone and word choices at times as a tad bit condescending. I found â€Å"Religion as a Cultural System† to be the same as well in terms of rubbing me the wrong way. Phrases like â€Å"infantile fairy tale worlds† (103) or â€Å"bizarre perspective embodied in dreams and hallucinations (110)† are just a couple of things he says that seem strange and off-putting. Nevertheless, I will not concentrate too much on these words, for I found some other words more problematic and confusing. If you happen to know Geertz’s personality, I would be interested to hear what he was like. Anyways, while reading this particular Geertz’s essay, I was impressed by how detailed Geertz is in defining not only religion but most of the other words he associates with religion like symbol, mood, motivation, andShow MoreRelatedClifford Geertz - Interpretive Anthropology2636 Words   |  11 PagesSocial Anthropology Essay. How would you summarize Clifford Geertz’s contribution to the field of anthropology? Clifford Geertz I have chosen this essay on Geertz, as the information I received in class I found interesting and wanted to elaborate on the knowledge I already had. In this essay, I will be discussing Geertz’s contributions to anthropology, and what I have interpreted these contributions as myself. When looking at Geertz’s ideas and theories in Anthropology, some of these ideas andRead MoreSymbolic Interactionism and Geertz Deep Play - an Integration1448 Words   |  6 PagesSymbolic Interactionism and Geertz’ Deep Play Symbolic interaction, one of the three main perspectives of the social sciences of Anthropology and Sociology, was thought to be first conceived by Max Weber and George Herbert Mead as they both emphasized the subjective meaning of human behavior, the social process, and the humanistic way of viewing of Anthropology and Sociology. As human behavior and socialization were observed, Mead discovered that behavior may be either overt, meaning observableRead MoreAnthropologists Should Put More Emphasis On Individual Differences And Meanings That Are Not Shared1257 Words   |  6 Pagesshared. Culture is composed of individuals. We know that the individual is an important part of any culture because cultures are not uniform – they differ from one another and they differ from themselves over time. This difference is a product of the inherent uniqueness of the individuals who compose a culture and no science that claims to â€Å"study culture† could be considered a true science if it ignored the building blocks of the subject it is studying. Clifford Geertz shares his views on culture in hisRead MoreThe Revival of Indigenous Movements1862 Words   |  7 Pagesspirits, sacred mountains an invisible sky and water gods. Most modernist thinkers have rejected such beliefs as primitive, backward and unscientific, a relic of the past, although relativists and cultural realists like Clifford Geertz have always been able to accept cultures and ways of life on their own terms rather than trying to fit them into rigid laws and frameworks of social and economic development. Even Durkheim and Marx, who regarded urban, industrial capitalism as producing a societyRead More Different Cultures, Different Essay957 Words   |  4 Pages Every society and culture has different ways of interpreting and defining occurrences by the way their own culture or society functions. â€Å"A society’s culture, consists of whatever it is one has to know or believe in order to operate in a manner acceptable to its members†(Geertz 242). The rituals, customs, ethics and morals that are attributed to the cultures have caused these differences. To understand how the people of one culture interpret a situation or event, one must evaluate the attributesRead MoreSimilarities In The Opposition. Ideas Do Not Prove Their909 Words   |  4 Pageswithstand the challenge of being questioned. On the surface, professor Craig Martin and anthropologist Clifford Geertz approach analyzing religion with opposing views. Martin dismisses definitions of religion claiming that no definition can encompass the practical use of the word and instead provides a step by step approach to explaining beliefs and actions in the perspective of a meth odological atheist. Geertz, however, provides a working definition broken into a five-part model to make it a useful toolRead MoreThose Kind Of Discriminations Are What Taylor Callsstrong Evaluation1727 Words   |  7 Pagesthem†; fifthly and lastly, â€Å"that these articulations, which we can think of as interpretations, require language†. These five points together constitute his thesis ‘human beings are self-interpreting animals’. The thesis means not only that human beings own â€Å"some compulsive tendency to form reflexive views of himself [or herself], but rather as he [or she] is, he [or she] is always partly constituted by self-interpretation, that is, by his [her] understanding of the imports which impinge on him [her]†Read MoreAnalysis Of Meanings And Concepts Of Culture Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe analysis of meanings and concepts of culture The objective of this essay is to present and analyse the main definitions of the word culture through different social and historical processes, starting from the ancient times to the most modern times. Starting from the etymology of the word, the term culture derives from the latin word colà ¨re, that means to farm the land, and only after, this meaning was extended to the term cultus, that stands for a literate man, and there is a connectionRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Human Mind And Science, History, And Literature1486 Words   |  6 Pageslaunch assumptions about knowledge and culture; science, after all, isn’t primary or even essential in these processes. The human mind, however, was. The traditional studies of literature, psychology, and history are in some important ways closer to the source of human knowledge in this model laid out by Sapir and Whorf. Of course, the individual human mind is impossible to enter and so expressions of these ideas, rather than the ideas themselve,s are â€Å"culture† and important. These ideas were hugelyRead MoreClifford Geertz Religion As A Cultural System Summary1495 Words   |  6 PagesClifford Gee rtz, in his essay â€Å"Religion as a Cultural System†, presents what he considers to be the definition of religion. According to him, religion is about symbols and people use these symbols as a guide for their view of the world and how they should behave in that world. Religion, states Geertz is â€Å"a system of symbols which acts to establish powerful, pervasive, and long-lasting moods and motivations in men by formulating conceptions of a general order of existence and clothing these conceptions

Essay about Canadas Geography and History Have Shaped...

Canada’s geography and historic development have shaped its current political context. Do you agree or disagree? Do you think that this has made Canada a more (or less) difficult place to govern? Please explain. Canada’s natural resources are distributed and differ along the territory. Therefore there is an uneven distribution of wealth because of the different economic sectors, which fluctuate the prosperity of the territory. Politics focus on the wealthy territories more than others since the transformation of natural resources represent the biggest part of Canada’s GDP which means a better economy. Canada’s Natural Resources Canada’s geography is very diverse and the location of natural resources and the density of population†¦show more content†¦This has become a huge political debate whether the CWB is that effective or each farmer should be free to make their own business decisions. There are other grains like canola that have a higher market value. For some farmers producing less quantity but receiving a higher value may be more attractive. (torontosun.com 2012) The issue here is how to manage the trade of natural resources and who is ultimately responsible for this trade. Is the board being efficient or farmers need their freedom to make these decisions? Some farmers are happy with the government having the control over them. Friends of the Canadian Wheat Board for example an organization of farmers are fully in favor of a monopoly. Recently, the CWB announced they will give up to their power and will leave the farmers with the freedom to sell to it to whoever they wanted. For some t his represents better prices and opportunities and for others a violation to the Canadian Wheat Board Act by repealing the act without a vote. (www.pembinatoday.ca 2012). This is a clear example of how geography has a huge impact in Canadian politics. Different areas have different economic sectors making the government issues totally different, shaping them at the same time. The political struggle continues as it seems neither way regulation nor deregulation of wheat seems to have a perfectly working system. DeregulationShow MoreRelatedCourse outline GEO7933080 Words   |  13 Pages GEO 793: The Geography of Toronto- Winter 2015 Course Instructor Valentina Capurri JOR 601 Ext. 3120 vcapurri@ryerson.ca Office Hours: Monday 15:00 to 17:30 Lectures: Sec. 1: Mon. 13:00 to 15:00 DSQ2, Wed. 11:00 to 12:00 LIB072 Sec. 2: Mon. 11:00 to 13:00 EPH229; Wen. 9:00 to 10:00 ENG101 Sec. 3: Mon. 18:00 to 21:00 TRS2166 Course Exclusions: This is an Upper Level Liberal Studies. 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Concrete Free Essays

The crack widths predicted by the different codes have been calculated for a range of varying parameters: Varying tension reinforcement stress (Figure 9) Varying cover (Figure 10) Varying bar spacing with constant reinforcement area and stress. (Figure 1 1) Varying bar spacing with constant reinforcement area and maximum stress to AS 3600. Figure 12) BBS 5400 results have been plotted using a Ms / MGM ratio of 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Concrete or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 and 1. All results have used long term values where available. Larger versions of these graphs may be found on the Powering presentation associated with this paper. The following observations can be made from the graph results: The BBS 5400 results using the two different load ratios gave substantially different results, with the higher ratio giving increased crack widths. The BBS 8110 results were either approximately centrally placed between the two BBS 5400 results, or close to the lower values. The Recoded 2 results were usually reasonably close to the mean of the other results. The CUBE-Flip-1990 results were consistently the lowest for high steel stresses and high concrete cover values. Results with varying spacing were close to Recoded 2 results. The IAC 318 results were consistently the highest, being close to and slightly higher than the upper bound BBS 5400 values. All crack widths increased approximately linearly with increasing steel stress Crack widths increased with increasing cover, with Recoded 2 reaching a constant value at 70 mm cover, and the CUBE-PIP code at 35 mm cover. The other codes continued to increase more than linearly up to 100 mm cover. All codes predicted increasing crack width with increasing bar spacing and constant reinforcement area steel stress. Figure 9: Varying tension reinforcement stress Figure 10: Varying cover Figure 11: Varying bar spacing with constant reinforcement area and stress Figure 12: Varying bar spacing with constant reinforcement area and maximum stress to AS 3600. When the steel stress was adjusted to the maximum allowable under AS 3600 (I. E. Reduced for increasing bar spacing and increasing bar diameter) the predicted crack widths were reasonably uniform in the spacing range 50 to 200 mm, then tended to reduce with greater spacing. DEFLECTION The main differences in approach to the calculation of deflections are summarized low: Australian and American codes are based on the Brannon equation, using a uniform average effective stiffness value. Australian codes allow for loss of tension stiffening through a reduction of the cracking moment related to the free concrete shrinkage. Allowance for shrinkage curvature in the Australian codes is simplified and will underestimate curvature in symmetrically reinforced sections. British codes allow only a low tension value for cracked sections, which is further reduced for long term deflections European codes adopt an intermediate approach for cracked sections, tit an allowance for loss of tension stiffening. British and European code provisions for shrinkage curvature are essentially the same Effective stiffness, calculated according to AS 3600, Recoded 2, BBS 5400, and BBS 8110, and with no tension stiffening, is plotted against bending moment for the same concrete section used in the crack width analysis. Figure 13 shows results with no shrinkage, and Figure 14 with a shrinkage of 300 Microscopic. RESEARCH ABOUT THE METHODS USED IN DIFFERENCE CONCRETE STANDARDS AS 3600 limits the maximum reinforcement stress under serviceability loads to a axiom value dependent on either the bar diameter or the bar spacing, whichever gives the greater stress. AS 5100 has the same limits, with an additional requirement to check for lower limits under permanent loads for elements in exposure classifications 82, C or U. Recoded 2 limits stresses in essentially the same way, except that the limits are presented as maximum bar spacing or diameter for a specified stress, rather than vice versa. The Recoded 2 limits are related to 3 different values of nominal crack width, 0. 2 mm, 0. 3 mm or 0. 4 mm, under pseudo-static loading. The applicable crack Edith depends on the exposure classification and type of member. Code Provisions for Crack Width Limits As well as stress limits, Recoded 2 has detailed provisions for the calculation of design crack widths, which are summarized below: The basic formula for crack width: crack spacing x (mean steel strain – mean concrete strain) makes no allowance for variation in crack width between the level of the reinforcement and the surface of the concrete, however the crack spacing is mainly related to the cover depth, and the crack width is directly proportional to crack spacing, so the depth of cover has a significant effect on crack widths. The expression for Seems – ECMA limits the effect of tension stiffening to 40% of the steel strain. For long term effects the tension stiffening coefficient is reduced by 1/3, from 0. 6 to 0. 4. The British concrete design codes specify a design crack width at the surface of the concrete as follows: The basic approach is similar to Recoded 2, except that the crack width is projected from the reinforcement level to the concrete surface. The main differences between BBS 5400 and BBS 8110 are: BBS 5400 includes a factor to reduce the effect of tension stiffening, depending on the ratio of live load moment to dead load moment (Ms / MGM). The effect of this is to reduce tension stiffening effects to zero for a load ratio of 1 or greater. The tension stiffening coefficients are differently formulated. The IAC requirements are based on stress limits derived from the Surgery-Lutz equation: The IAC 318 equation makes no allowance for tension stiffening, and predicts crack width at the upper bound of those studied in this paper. Results are usually similar to those from the BBS 5400 equation using a Ms / MGM ratio of 1 . AS 3600, AS 5100, and IAC 318 AS 3600 and AS 5100 provisions for â€Å"simplified† calculation of deflections are identical other than a typographical error in AS 5100), and are both based on the â€Å"Brannon† equation, which is also used in IAC 318. The equation in IAC 318 is differently formulated, but will give identical results for the same cracking moment and section stiffness values. The AS 3600 version of the equation is shown below: left is calculated for the maximum moment section, and applied along the full length of the member being analyses. The calculation of the cracking moment in the Australian codes (but not IAC 318) includes an allowance for the shrinkage induced tensile stress in the unchecked section, which contributes to loss of tension stiffening: AS 3600 and AS 5100 provide a factor KC , applied to the calculated deflection, to account for the additional deflection due creep and shrinkage: KC = [2- 1. 2(ASS / East)] Note that for a symmetrically reinforced section KC reduces to the minimum value of 0. , being the effect of creep deflection alone. 6. 4. 2 OBSESS,BBS 8110 Deflections in BBS 5400 and BBS 8110 are calculated from integration of section curvatures. The cracking moment and curvature of cracked sections allows for a short term concrete tensile stress of 1 Amp, reducing to 0. 5 Amp in the long term. Shrinkage curvatures in BBS 8110 are determined from the free shrinkage strain, and the first moment of area of the reinforcement about the cracked or unchecked section, as appropriate. BBS 5400 uses a similar approach, but tabulates factors based on the compression and tension reinforcement ratios. 6. 4. 3 Recoded 2 and CUBE-PIP 1990 (MAC 90) The European codes also provide for calculation of deflections by integration of section curvatures, but provide a different expression for the stiffness of cracked sections: Shrinkage curvatures are assessed using a similar method to that given in BBS 8110: How to cite Concrete, Papers